INDONESIA CHANGED

Indonesia 200 million more people will change their identity cards is the e-ID card

What is e-ID card?

e-ID card or Electronic ID card is a document that contains demographic security system / control both from the administration or information technology with a database based on the national population.
Residents are only allowed to have 1 (one) ID listed Population Identification Number (VIN). NIK is a single identity of each resident and valid for life
VIN number in the e-ID card will be used as the basis for issuance of Passport, Driving License (SIM), Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), insurance policy, Certificate of Land Rights and the issuance of identity documents (Article 13 of Law no. 23 Year 2006 on Adminduk)
Quote:
Authentication of Identity Card (e-ID) typically using biometric verification and validation of the system through the introduction of physical characteristics or human behavior. There are many types of security in this way, such as a fingerprint (fingerprint), retina, DNA, face shape, and shape of the teeth. In the e-ID cards, which are used are fingerprints.
The use of e-ID card fingerprint is more sophisticated than had been applied for the license (driver's license). Fingerprints are not just printed in the form of pictures (jpeg format) as in the SIM, but can also be identified through the chip mounted on the card. The data stored on the card have been encrypted with a specific cryptographic algorithms. The process of taking fingerprints from people until they can be recognized from the chip card is as follows:
Fingerprints are recorded from each of compulsory ID cards are all fingers (of ten), but the data included in the chip only two fingers, the thumb and right index finger. Chosen as a fingerprint authentication for e-ID card for the following reasons:
1. The cost of the least expensive, is more economical than other biometric
2. Forms can be maintained unchanged because the fingerprint streaks will return to its original shape even scratched the skin
3. Unique, although there is no similar possibility of twins
Quote:
Population information is included in the e-ID card rough layout is shown in the following:
To obtain the above information from residents, mandatory ID card must fill out a form type F1.01.
In addition to the objectives to be achieved, the benefits of e-ID cards is expected to be perceived as follows:
1. The identity of a single identity
2. Can not be forged
3. Can not be duplicated
4. Can be used as a sound card in the election or elections
Quote:
The structure of e-ID consists of nine layers which will increase the security of conventional KTP. Chip planted in between the white and transparent plastic on the top two layers (viewed from front). This chip has an antenna in it that will issue a wave when swiped. Wave is what will be recognized by the detector e-ID card so that can know whether the ID cards in the hands of someone who is right or not. To create an e-ID card with nine layers, enough stage of manufacture, including:
1. Hole punching, the punch card as a place to put a chip
2. Pick and pressure, namely placing the chip on the card
3. Implanter, the installation of antenna (a circular pattern over and over like a spiral)
4. Printing, the printing of cards
5. Spot welding, pressing the card with the flow of electricity
6. Laminating, namely the closure of a plastic card with a safety
e-ID card are protected by safety relief printing such as text, microtext, image filters, invisible ink and colors that glow under ultraviolet light and anti-copy design.
Data storage on a chip in accordance with international standards of NISTIR 7123 and ICAO Machine Readable Travel Documents Passport 9303 and the EU Specification 2006. Form of electronic ID cards in accordance with ISO 7810 with a credit card size form factor which is 53.98 mm x 85.60 mm.
Why should the e-ID card?
Quote:
E-ID card project against the backdrop of the conventional ID card production system in Indonesia that allows a person can have more than one ID card. This is due to the absence of a unified data base that collects data from the entire population of Indonesia. This fact gives residents an opportunity to steal from the state by duplicating his ID card. Some of them are used for the following things:
1. Tax evasion
2. Make it easy for a passport that can not be made across the city
3. Securing corruption
4. Hide identity (eg by terrorists)
Quote:
Electronic identity card has been widely used in European countries including Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Italy, Finland, Serbia, Spain and Sweden, the Middle East is Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Morocco, and in Asia that is India and China.
Minister of Home Affairs revealed superiority Gamawan Fauzi Electronic Identity Card (e-ID) to be applied in Indonesia, compared with e-ID cards are implemented in the PRC and India. Gamawan calls, e-ID cards in Indonesia is more comprehensive.
In the PRC, the e-ID cards are not equipped with a biometric or fingerprint records. There, e-ID is only equipped with a chip containing personal data are limited. Being in India, the system used for the management of population data is a system UID (unique identification), which in Indonesia called NIK (Population Identification Number).
"UID issued through the register on 68 service points, while the electronic ID card program in Indonesia will be held at the 6214 district," said Gamawan.
"Thus, the electronic ID card that will be applied in Indonesia is a combination of e-ID UID PRC and India, because the electronics are equipped with biometric ID cards and chips,"

Indonesian national army always long life at the age of 66 years

Kopassus who it really is??
The history of the birth of Special Forces Command as the unit can not be separated from the historic series in the life of the nation of Indonesia, in July 1950, arose a rebellion in the Moluccas by kelopok calling itself the RMS (Republic of South Moluccas). Armed Forces High Command during the RI immediately deployed troops to quell the mob. This operation led by the army commander Colonel AE III Kawilarang territory, while the surgery was designated as Commander Lt. Col. Slamet Riyadi.
  This operation was successfully quell the insurgency, but with no small sacrifice on the part of the TNI. Having studied it in several battles, the enemy with a relatively small force is often able to thwart military attacks whose strength is much greater.

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the supreme commander of Kopassus

This was not only due to the spirit of members of enemy forces that higher or more complete equipment, but also tactics and combat experience are well supported right firepower and movement of individuals.
The incident is what ultimately inspired Lt. Col. Slamet Riyadi to spearhead the formation of a unit that can be driven beater quickly and appropriately to deal with various targets in the field which, however, the weight. After the death of Lt. Col. Slamet Riyadi on one battle Kawilarang AE.
Through the Territorial Army and Instruction No. III. 55 / Inst / PDS / 52 dated 16 April 1952 formed the territorial COMMAND INCLUSION III which is the forerunner of "Corps of the Red Berets". As the first commander entrusted to Major Mochamad Idjon Djanbi, a former captain who had joined the Colonial Army Corps Special Troopen and had fought in World War II.

 In subsequent trips this unit several times to change the name of unity among the Army (Special Forces) in 1953, the Regiment of the Army Forces Command) in 1952, then in 1955 turned into the Army Para Commando Regiment (Special Forces). In 1966 the unit was again renamed the Center for Army Special Forces (TNI PUSPASSUS AD), later in 1971 changed its name this unit became Sandi Yudha Forces Command (Kopassandha). In 1985 the unit was renamed the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) until now.

Kopassus pride of the people of Indonesia

Says the narrator of the Discovery Channel Special Forces units are not too dependent on the equipment that carries the super-advanced technology, accurate and all-digital. Great special forces troops who are able to achieve excellent quality in terms of individual ability. It includes self-defense capabilities, survival, camouflage, strategy, endurance strikes, guerrilla warfare, making traps, and others. Capabilities that do not rely too much on advanced technology and skill above the average - another column, make a plus of KOPASSUS for submitting it. In a number of Kopassus soldiers, equivalent to 5 other regular soldiers in Indonesia.

Some Small achievements and Gait Kopassus

1. Kopasus also champion of the Elite Forces sniper in the Asia Pacific meeting in December 2006. By simply relying on artificial arms Pindad! Number two of his Australian SAS
2. Kopasus ranks 2 (of 35) in terms of success and the success of military operations (intelligence - moving - an intrusion - action) at a meeting of Elite Forces in Tactical, Deployment and Assault in Vienna Austria. No. only Delta Force USA.
3. North african countries now have a reference to western techniques and the formation of their elite forces training. 80% of their coach officers Kopasus
4. Paspampres Cambodian troops are elite troops that trained by Kopassus

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Happy birthday to 66 years on 5 October 2011 Indonesian National Army

Indonesia National Army (TNI) was born in struggle to maintain the independence of Indonesia from the threat of Dutch ambitions to colonize Indonesia again by force of arms. TNI is an organization that began development of People's Security Agency (BKR). Furthermore, on October 5, 1945 became the People's Security Army (TKR), and to improve the arrangement in accordance with international military base, changed into Army of the Republic of Indonesia (TRI).

In a further development of government efforts to enhance national army went on, as he fought and struggled for upholding the sovereignty and national independence. To unite the two armed forces of TRI as a regular army and agencies struggle of the people, then on June 3, 1947 President mengesyahkan with the official founding of the Indonesian National Army (TNI).

At critical moments during the War of Independence (1945-1949), Army managed to manifest itself as a people's army, the army of the revolution, and the national army. As the power of the newborn, in addition to arranging the TNI itself, at the same time must also face many challenges, both from within and from abroad. From within the country, the military face-undermining undermining both the political dimension as well as military dimensions. Sourced from politics undermining the Communist group who want to put the military under their influence through the â € œPepolit, Bureau of Struggle, and the TNI-Society:. While the challenges of the country which the military dimension of military forces in a struggle in some areas and the PKI in the Madiun rebellion and the Darul Islam (DI) in West Java that could threaten national integrity. The challenge of the military overseas twice to face the Dutch Military Aggression and organizations that have a more modern weaponry.

Aware of the limitations of military aggression in the face of the Netherlands, Indonesia and the people carrying out the People's War universe where all the energy of the TNI and the community and national resources were deployed to confront the aggression. Thus, the integrity and existence of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia has been able to be maintained by military force with the people.

In accordance with the decision of the Round Table Conference (RTC), at the end of 1949 created the Republic of Indonesia (RIS). Correspondingly, also formed the Armed Forces RIS (APRIS) which is combined with the TNI TNI and the Colonial Army as its core. In August 1950 Indonesia RIS disbanded and returned to the form of unitary state. APRIS was renamed the Armed Forces of Indonesia (APRI).




System of parliamentary democracy adopted by the government in the period 1950-1959, affecting the lives of the TNI. Intervention of politicians who are too far in pushing the TNI internal affair Incident October 17, 1952 which resulted in a rift in the army environment. On the other hand, it encourages military intervention to engage in political activities by setting up political parties namely the Association of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IP-KI) who participated as a contestant in the 1955 General Election.

Period which is also called the period of Liberal Democracy is characterized also by a variety of domestic rebellion. In 1950 some former members of the Colonial Army launched an uprising in Bandung (Army rebellion Ratu Adil / APRA), Andi Azis Rebellion in Makassar, Maluku and rebellions in the South Maluku Republic (RMS). Meanwhile, DI TII widen the influence of West Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Aceh. In 1958 the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia / Total People's Struggle (PRRI / Permesta) rebellion in most of Sumatra and North Sulawesi are endangering the national integrity. All of the rebellion can be crushed by military force with other components of the nation.

Efforts to unify the organization and the State Police forces into the Armed Forces of Republika organization of Indonesia (ABRI) in 1962 was an important part of military history in the decade of the sixties.

Merging of the strength of the Armed Forces under one command, is expected to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in carrying out its role, and not easily influenced by the interests of certain political groups. But it is facing numerous challenges, especially from the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) as part of international communism ever-persistent attempt to exert influence in the Indonesian nation, including the order of life into the body through the infiltration of armed forces and special coaching, as well as utilize the influence of President / Supreme Commander Armed Forces for its political interests.

PKI efforts intensified and culminated in a coup against the legitimate government by G30S/PKI, resulting in the Indonesian nation was in a very critical situation. In these conditions TNI successfully overcome the critical situation and quell the forces foil coup supporters together with the forces of society and even all the people of Indonesia.

In a completely chaotic situation, the Armed Forces carry out his duties as defense forces and as a force sospol. As a means of defense forces, armed forces crushed the rebels and remnants of the PKI. As the strength of the Armed Forces sospol encourage the creation of a new political order to carry out the Pancasila and the Constitution of 45 in a pure and consistent.

Meanwhile, the Armed Forces continue to reform itself by strengthening internal integration. The first step is to integrate the doctrine that eventually gave birth to the doctrine of the Armed Forces Catur Dharma Eka Karma (Cadek). This doctrine has implications for reorganization of the Armed Forces as well as education and joint exercises between the Armed Forces and Police. On the other hand, the Armed Forces also conducts external integration in the form of military unity with the people who applied through the Armed Forces Sign Desa (AMD).

Roles, Functions and Duties of the TNI (formerly ABRI) also changed in accordance with Law No. 34 of 2004. TNI role as a tool of the state in the field of defense in performing its duties under the policy and political decisions the country. TNI as an instrument of national defense, serve as: an antidote to any form of military threats and armed threats from outside and inside the country against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and safety of the nation, penindak against any form of threat as mentioned above, and the restoration of conditions of security which disrupted by the security chaos.

TNI is a fundamental duty to uphold state sovereignty, defend the territorial integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, as well as protect the whole nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia from the threat and disruption to the integrity of the nation and state.

The principal tasks were divided into 2 (two), namely: war and military operations to military operations other than war.

Military operations other than war include surgery to overcome the armed separatist movement, overcoming an armed rebellion, overcoming terrorism, securing the border, securing vital objects which are of strategic national, world peace perform duties in accordance with foreign policy, securing the President and Vice President and their families, empower the region's defense and force early supporters in accordance with the defense system of the universe, help the task of governance in the region, helping the Police of the Republic of Indonesia in the framework of security and public order duties are stipulated in the law, helped secure a state guest-level heads of state and representatives of foreign governments who was in Indonesia, helping to cope with natural disasters, refugee, and humanitarian aid, assist search and rescue in the accident (search and rescue) as well as assist the government in the shipping and aviation security against piracy, piracy and smuggling.

While in the field of internal reform, the TNI is still continues to carry out internal reforms in accordance with the demands of national reform. TNI continued to maintain its commitment to internal reform can achieve the desired goals in creating new and better Indonesia in the future in the frame upholding the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. In fact, since 1998 actually internally TNI has made significant changes, among others:

First, formulate a new paradigm of the role of ABRI Abad XXI, secondly, to formulate a new paradigm that better reach the TNI's role into the future, as the actualization of the new paradigm the role of the Armed Forces XXI Century; third separation from the military police who had become head of the Armed Forces started 1-4 decision -1999 as the Transformation of Beginning; fourth, the elimination of workmanship through a decision of the Armed Forces retirement or transfer status. (Kep: 03 /) / II/1999); fifth, the elimination Wansospolpus and Wansospolda / Wansospolda Tk-I; sixth, shrinking the number of members F.TNI / Police in the DPR and DPRD I and II in the elimination of political social function; seventh ; TNI is no longer involved in Practical Politics / day to day Politics; eighth, organizational termination by the Golkar Party and take a distance equal to all existing political parties; ninth, commitment and consistency of military neutrality in the election; the tenth, the arrangement of military ties with KBT (Family TNI); eleventh revision of military doctrine adapted to the Reform and the Role of Armed Forces XXI Century; twelve, a change Sospol Staff Staff Komsos; thirteenth, changes in Social and Political Chief of Staff (Kassospol) became Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster); fourteenth, deletion Sospoldam, Babinkardam, Sospolrem and Sospoldim; fifteenth, liquidation Syawan Armed Forces Staff, Staff Kamtibmas Babinkar Armed Forces and Armed Forces; sixteenth, the application of public accountability of foundations belong to the army / military Enterprises; seventeenth, the liquidation of the Organization Deputy Commander of TNI; eighteenth, deletion Bakorstanas and Bakorstanasda; nineteenth, KDH confirmation candidates from the TNI has had to retire from the stage filtration; the twentieth, the elimination of Camp Vigilance; keduapuluhsatu, revocation of Armed Forces of the material Sospol military education curriculum; keduapuluhdua, liquidation of the Organization caster TNI; keduapuluhtiga, liquidation of Social Communications Staff (Skomsos) TNI TNI Commander in accordance Skep 21 / VI / 2005; twenty four, the enactment doktrinTNI â € œTri Dharma Eka Karma (Tridek) replacing â € œCatur Dharma Eka Karma (Cadek) according to the TNI Commander decision date Kep/2/I/2007 number January 12, 2007.
As a means of national defense, the TNI is committed to continue reforms in line with the demands of the TNI's internal reform and the country's political decisions.

Papua is rich in gold

Indonesia Provides Direct Benefits FFreeport 1.4 billion U.S. Dollars to the Government of Indonesia During the first semester 2011

Jakarta, August 4, 2011, PT Freeport Indonesia (Freeport Indonesia) hereby announces that during the months April to June 2011, Freeport Indonesia has made payment obligations to the Government of Indonesia for 692 million U.S. dollars, or about Rp 5.9 trillion at current exchange rates , which consists of the Corporate Income Tax amounting to 594 million U.S. dollars, Income Tax Employees, Local Tax and other taxes amounting to 48 million U.S. dollars, and a royalty of 50 million U.S. dollars.

With this second quarter payment, total payment obligation to the Government of Indonesia Freeport Indonesia during the first semester of 2011 of 1.4 billion U.S. dollars, or around Rp 11.7 trillion at current exchange rates.

The value fluctuates according to the quarterly payment of commodity prices, sales and production levels.

Total financial liabilities in accordance with the provisions referring to the Contract of Work in 1991 that Freeport Indonesia has paid to the Government of Indonesia from 1992 to June 2011 amounted to 12.8 billion U.S. dollars. This amount consists of the Corporate Income Tax payments of 7.9 billion U.S. dollars, Income Tax Employees, Local Tax and other taxes amounting to 2.4 billion U.S. dollars, 1.3 billion U.S. dollars royalties and dividends amounting to 1.2 billion U.S. dollars.

Freeport Indonesia also contributed indirectly to investment in infrastructure in Indonesia, including Papua, such as cities, power plant installations, airports and harbors, roads, bridges, sewage disposal facilities, and modern communication systems. Social infrastructure provided by the company include schools, dormitories, hospitals and clinics, places of worship, recreational facilities and the development of small and medium enterprises. Freeport Indonesia has made investments worth about 7.2 billion U.S. dollars in various projects.

Based on studies conducted by the Economic and Social Research Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia (LPEM-UI) in 2010, Freeport Indonesia contributed to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) reached 96% of Mimika Regency, Papua Province, while to GDP reached 68%. Freeport Indonesia Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indonesia reached 1.59%.

Until the year 2010, the total number of employees Freeport Indonesia and its contractor companies totaled more than 22,000 people, 30% of whom were native Papuan employees and only employs less than 2% of foreign workers. To increase skilled manpower from Papua, Freeport Indonesia in 2003 founded the Institute of Mining Nemangkawi (IPN) as a center for training skilled manpower which to date has graduated more than 1,500 student internships to work at Freeport Indonesia and its contractors.

Freeport Indonesia is always trying to run mining operations in ways that promote a positive and open relationships with communities, governments and other stakeholders to support sustainable benefits. Throughout the year 2010, Freeport Indonesia has invested more than 155 million U.S. dollars in various programs of sustainable development in Papua; 72.9 million U.S. dollars used for environmental management, while 112.6 million U.S. dollars earmarked for social development programs in which 69.7 million dollars The U.S. earmarked for community development programs through funding partnerships.

gold in Indonesia is managed by the American company and Antam

the Best of the best Indonesia Spa with MTG

Martha Tilaar Group is one of Indonesia’s foremost purveyors of innovative, high-quality beauty products and services. With its wide-ranging stable of sub-brands under the Martha Tilaar umbrella brand, the group offers an impressive array of beauty and well-being choices for women of all ages and income groups. While many of its products and treatments feature the ancient wisdom of traditional Indonesian herbal ingredients (jamu) and other natural plant extracts, Martha Tilaar also produces a wide variety of up-to-the-minute color cosmetics and skincare, body care and hair care products for the modern woman.
From its humble beginnings as a beauty salon in the early 1970s, the company has grown into an integrated, world-class, total beauty provider with an annual turnover of around Rp600 billion (US$75 million), which exports its products all over the world. The company’s key brands have won numerous prizes and consistently achieved the country’s highest ratings for brand awareness, reflecting Martha Tilaar’s strong focus on beauty products specifically designed for the Eastern woman. The group leads the domestic market for color cosmetics (decorative and make-up base) with an 18 to 10 percent share, and holds around 11 percent of the skincare market.

The group’s range of products consists of cosmetics and personal care (decorative products, make-up base, skincare, body care and hair care), jamu, and spa products. The main brands are: Sariayu, which is Indonesia’s oldest brand in this market, and which boasts the largest number of in-store counters (decorative products, make-up base, skincare, body care, hair care and jamu), Biokos (anti-aging skincare), Caring Colours (decorative, make-up base), Belia (splash colognes for teenagers), Berto Tea, Dewi Sri Spa (holistic spa products), Professional Artist Cosmetics (decorative and make-up base), Jamu Garden (jamu, skincare, body care, and health care), Mirabella (decorative), and Rudy Hadisuwarno Cosmetics (hair care) under license from the Rudy Hadisuwarno Organization.
March 2001: The Most Valuable Brand 2001 given by SWA Magazine and Mars to Sariayu Martha Tilaar’s moisturizer, facemask and foundation.

September 2001: The Indonesia Customer Satisfaction Awards 2001 from Frontier for the categories of Belia Body Cologne and Sariayu Lipstick.

August 2002: Siddhakretya Technology Award 2002 honourly awarded by the President Republic of Indonesia, Ibu Megawati Sukarnoputri to DR HC Martha Tilaar (on behalf of PT Martina Berto).

2002: The Top of Mind Brand 2002 awarded to PT Cempaka Belkosindo Indah for Mirabella lipstick category.

July 2002 – July 2005 (consecutively): Indonesian Best Brand Awards given by SWA Magazine & Mars to Sariayu Martha Tilaar for the categories of lipstick, moisturizer, liquid foundation, face powder and face cosmetics.

July 2004: Superbrands Award given to Martha Tilaar Group of Companies by The Indonesia Superbrands Council, for the achieving the strongest local cosmetic brand in Indonesia.

July 2005: Golden Indonesia Best Brand Award given to PT Sariayu Martha Tilaar for face moisturizer and foundation categories.

Yeah,Obama also once lived in Indonesia for several years during elementary school

President of the United States (U.S.), Barack Obama gave a public lecture at the University of Indonesia today, Wednesday, November 10, 2010.

At the beginning of his speech, not just saying 'Good Morning' and 'hai' he said. Obama invited the applause and the swish of community pride Indonesia when he said, "Indonesia is a part of me" with the Indonesian language fluently.

He also expressed sorry for the calamities that befall some communities in Indonesia who are victims of the tsunami and the eruption of Mount Merapi. He said, the U.S. is committed to provide assistance needed.

Obama then told the story of his childhood in Jakarta. "My mother married an Indonesian citizen, Lolo Soetoro, and the time I entered a different world," Obama said in a speech on Wednesday morning.

However, Jakarta is quickly becoming my hometown, a house, for Obama.

"It was just a few tall buildings, one of which the Hotel Indonesia. And only one department store, Sarinah."

Not many cars in Jakarta at the time. "That there are rickshaws and bemo," Obama said. Not to forget Obama also mentions his favorite foods. "Meatballs, well he said yes ...?," with Indonesian.

Told Obama, family, neighbors, and teachers teach Indonesia him. Also her little friends.

Obama also studied Islam and the tolerance of his stepfather, Lolo Soetoro, who was a Muslim.

While from the mother, Obama said he learned about Indonesian culture and loving the people.

"When I returned to hawaai , I never thought would come back to Jakarta as President of the United States."

Jakarta Jakarta is now in the eyes of Obama are very different. Jakarta grew rapidly, becoming the center of business and commerce.

After a speech at UI, Obama is scheduled to go directly to the Halim Air Base Perdanakusumah and directly contrary to South Korea. (adi)

How Indonesia Culture and bali ??

Indonesia is..
Indonesia is an archipelago in the form of republic, located in Southeast Asia. Indonesia has about 17,000 islands with a land area of 1,922,570 km2 and the broad waters of 3,257,483 km2 Based on its geographical position, Indonesia has state boundaries: North - State of Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, South China Sea. South - State of Australia, Indian Ocean. West - Indian Ocean. East - State of Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste, the Pacific Ocean.
Geographical position of Indonesia consists of astronomical and geographical location of different understanding and view.
Location of Astronomical
Astronomical location of a country is based on the location of the position of latitude and longitude. Latitude is an imaginary line that circles the earth's surface is horizontal, whereas the longitude is an imaginary line connecting the North Pole and South Pole. Location of astronomical Indonesia Located between 6oLU - 11oLS and 95oBT - Based on the location of astronomical Indonesia 141oBT traversed by the equator line, namely the imaginary line on a map or globe that divides the earth into two equal parts. Equator line or equator lies in the latitude 0o.
Geographical location
Geographical location is the location of an area or region seen from reality on the earth's surface. Based on geographical location, the Indonesian archipelago between the continent of Asia and Australia, as well as between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Thus, parts of Indonesia is at a cross position, which have significance in relation to climate and economy.
Location of Geological
The location is the location of a geological region of the rock types seen in the Earth's surface. Indonesia is a geological region traversed by the two-lane mountain world of young Mediterranean Mountains in the west and the Pacific Sirkum Mountains to the east. and bali
is favorite indonesian visit..

Bali’s population of over 3,000,000 souls spread over the whole island, including those in the smaller islands of Nusa Penida, Nusa Ceningan, Nusa Lembongan, Serangan and Menjangan Island. The overwhelming majority of Balinese are Hindus, with the increasing number on non-Hindu migrating from the closest neighboring islands of Java and Lombok

The coastal areas in the south are the most populous area with over 370,000 people living in various professions in the capital of Denpasar. Farming has been the primary way of living in Balinese life. Where else fishing, trading and craftsmanship are also in fashion from generation to generation. Yet with the fast growing of tourism since past few decades, young people start to build up a new touch in their living culture.
Life in Bali is very communal under the organization of villages. Temple ceremonies, marriage, cremation, farming and even the creative art festivals are decided by the local community institution called “Banjar”. The responsibilities in the day-to-day life are normally administered by both the Banjar and the government. The local government mostly responsible for schools, health clinics, hospitals and roads, and Banjar is responsible for all other aspects of life. There is another association exists in the banjar named “Subak” that concerns to the production of rice and organizes the complex irrigation system. Every family who owns a rice field must be a member of their local Subak, which then ensures that every member gets his fair distribution of water. A banjar consists of an average of 50 to 150 family members, owning a meeting venue called the Bale Banjar, which is used for regular gatherings and a center for local gamelan orchestras and drama groups.




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History of “Bukit Tinggi” Sumatera-indonesia


Bukittinggi in the state administration since the Dutch colonial era, the Japanese colonial era and the era of independence with many variations, remains a central portion of Central Government as well as Sumatra Sumatra as a whole, even the United Kingdom had acted as the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia setela Yogyajarta occupied Netherlands from December 1948 to the moon June 1949.

As a former Dutch government, Dutch Bukittinggi is always enhanced by his role in state administration, from what dinamakanGemetelyk Resort based Stbl 1828. The Netherlands has set up a defensive stronghold in 1825, which until now blockhouse is still known as the Fort "Fort De Kock". The city has been used also by the Dutch as the resting place of officers who are in its colonies in the east of this.

By the Japanese government, Bukittinggi used as a control center for the region of Sumatra military government, even to Singapore and Thailand as commander based here Milioter to 25. At this time the United Kingdom changed its name from Fort de Kock became Taddsgemente Bukittinggi Yaku The SHO of the area expanded to include village-village Sianok, Gadut, Kapau, Ampang Tower, and Bukit Batu Taba Batabuah that now all of them now in Agam regency, in The city is also the Government of Japan set up reinforcements tebtara largest radio transmitter to the island of Sumatra in order to raise the spirit of the people to support the interests of the Greater East Asia peramg Japanese version.

In the days of the struggle for Independence of the Republic of Indonesia Bukitinggi role as the city struggles. From December 1948 until June 1949 was appointed as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia Government Emergency (Emergency Government), after falling into the hands of the Dutch in Yogyakarta.

Furthermore, once the capital of Bukittinggi Sumatra Province with Mr governors. Tengku Muhammad Hasan. Later in the regulations in Lieu of Law No.. Bukittinggi 4, 1959 established as the capital city of Central Sumatra-residencies that include residencies, West Sumatra, Jambi and Riau, which are now respectively the residency has become its own provinces.

After residency developed into West Sumatra West Sumatra province, Bukittinggi is designated as the capital of his province,. since 1958 the de facto capital of Province have moved to a deyuire Padangnamun Bukittinggi in 1978 then not again become the capital of West Sumatra province, with the release of Government Regulation no. 29 in 1979 to move the capital of West Sumatra province to Padang.

Now this Bukittinggi municipal status as second-level region in accordance with the law No. 5 year 1974 concerning Regional Government which has been enhanced by Law NO. 22/99menjadi of Bukittinggi.

briefly the development of Bukittinggi can diloihat as follows:

A. In the period of Dutch colonization

Originally sebagaiGeemente Fort De Kock and then became Staadgemente Fort De Kock, as stipulated in No. Staadblad. 358 of 1938 the total area equal to the area of Bukittinggi today.

B. In the Japanese Occupation Period

At this time named Shi Yaku Sho Bukittinggi a wider territory than is now coupled with the City Bukittingggi-Nagari Nagari Sianok, Gadit, Ampang Tower, and Bukit Batu Taba Batabuah.

C. During the Period of Independence Up Now

1.
In the early days of the proclamation, Bukittinggi same area as today with the first Waliktanya namely Barmawi Sutan Rajo Ameh.
2.
Town of Bukittinggi in Sumatra Province Governor No. statutes. 391 dated June 9, 1947 on the establishment of Bukittinggi as the City is entitled to govern themselves.
3.
Big City as set Bukittinggi Law no. 9 in 1956 on the establishment of the Autonomous City of Bukittinggi in the environment of Central Sumatra Province jo Basic Law on Local Government No. 22 tahun1960.
4.
Bukittinggi Municipality, as stipulated in Law No. Local Government. 1 in 1957 jo. Pen. Prs. No. 6 of 1959 jo. Pen. prs. No. 5 in 1960.
5.
Bukittinggi Municipality as where provided for in Law no. 5 of 1974 on the Principles of Local Government.

Local Government leaders, both as an officer senentara (Acting) or as an officer (Pj), as well as the Mayor of Choice (KDH) is assigned to be as follows:

1.
Barmawi Sutan Rajo Ameh
2.
Iskandar Teja Kusuma
3.
Jamin Dt. Bagindo
4.
Aziz Karim
5.
Enin Karim
6.
Saadudin Jambek
7.
Nauman Jamil Dt. Mangkuto Ameh
8.
MB. Dt. Majo Nan Yellow tongue
9.
Latif Syahbuddin Dt. Sibungsu
10.
Dr. S. Rivai
11.
Bahar Kamil Angry Sutan
12.
Anwar Maksum Angry Sutan
13.
M. Asril, SH
14.
A. Kamal, SH
15.
Drs. Masri
16.
Drs. Oemar Gaffar
17.
Drs. B. Barhanudin
18.
Drs. Hasan Basri (PLT. Mayor)
19.
Agus Armedi
20.
Drs. Rusdi Lubis (PLT Mayor)
21.
Drs. H. Djufri
22.
Drs. H. Oktisir Sjovijerli Osir (PLT. Mayor)
23.
Drs. H. Djufri
24. H. Ismet Amzis, SH (now)

With a wide variety status and the functions carried Bukittinggi as described above, we can draw the conclusion that the United Kingdom is a strategic location and supported also by the weather was cool, karenaterletak in Bukit Barisan range.

In terms of social, no less Bukitinggi also its role, both in the size of the regional, Nasiopnal mupun International. In this city often held working meetings Government, scientific meetings, congresses by community organizations and others.



CITY GOVERNMENT BUKITTINGGI WEST SUMATRA
Copyright © 2008 - 2010 Allright reserved.
Jln. Bhakti No. Kesuma. 1, Bukit Gulai Bancah
Koto Mandiangin Selayan, Bukittinggi
West Sumatra - Indonesia - Zip Code: 26122

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Singkawang, City of Thousand Temples
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Thursday, 04 February 2010 10:28:28 | Local News | (1254 view)

Vihara (temple) which was established in 1878 is believed to be a place of worship of the oldest people in the Tri Dharma Singkawang. "In the past, is not it, the city became a haven of the Chinese who want to mine gold in Monterado (now District Bengkayang). All around Singkawang still wilderness, "the story of the Foundation Chairman of Tri Dharma Temple of Earth Kingdom City Centre Singkawang Nawir Suchandro.

According to Chinese belief, each forest is said to have a guardian spirit that protects the region. "Be founded the temple to worship the God of Earth Kingdom (Tua Peh Kong) as its patron," he said.

People good at running a religious ritual called Lie Shie Chinese origin believed to bring a statue of God of Earth Kingdom from mainland China and build the temple.

Originally, the temple was just a simple cottage where the transit of people from outside Singkawang. All around the cottage there is a place to tether horses. Recently around the year 1920, the cottage was demolished and built a more permanent temple. "But, when a major fire struck Singkawang 1930, the temple was part sold. Three years later rebuilt, "he said.

The rebuilding of this temple are prohibited from the Dutch authorities in Singkawang time. That said, once had dreams of Old Peh Kong, the Dutch authorities are willing to give permission.

In the center of the temple that has become a cultural heritage of West Kalimantan is there a statue of God of Earth Kingdom and his wife, who can be rescued from the raging fire during a major fire. On the left and right stands a statue of god and the god Kok Sin Bong Bong On Chi Siu. While in the top center there is a statue of Gautama Buddha.

According to the founder of Tri Dharma Vihara Foundation Earth Kingdom City Centre Singkawang A Soewardi, which distinguishes this temple with the other is the presence of Ru Yi or the symbol of power and fortune in the right hand statue of Tua Peh Kong. "At other temples, Tua Peh Kong statue carrying a stick with a bottle of wine."

Each Lunar and Cap Go Meh, this temple visited by thousands of Tri Dharma. They not only come from Singkawang, but also from other cities in West Kalimantan and big cities, like Jakarta and Surabaya. Some are coming from Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and China.

When the Cap Go Meh, all the Tatung or loya (traditional Chinese) from inside and outside Singkawang shall ask for the blessing of God of Earth Kingdom in this temple before they run around town in a ritual to clean the city from evil spirits. Tua Peh Kong statue from other temples also paraded.

Besides this the oldest temple, there are many temples in the city. So many, no wonder if Singkawang known as the City of Thousand Temples. (C Rev Haryo PS)

Ket.Gambar:

Tourists take pictures in front of Tri Dharma Temple of Earth Kingdom, Singkawang, West Kalimantan on Sunday (31 / 1). Ahead of Chinese New Year celebrations and Cap Go Meh, the city is nicknamed City of Thousand Temples visited local and foreign tourists.

Around the world go to Singkawang island

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Cap Go Meh feast or Xiaojie Yuan in Chinese that falls on the 15th lunar month of the first year is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. According to Chinese folk traditions, after Cap Go Meh, it ended around the Lunar New Year celebration.

Cap Go Meh feast day is also called Yuanxi, Yuanye or Yuanjie Shang in the Chinese language. Night Cap Go Meh is the first full moon night of each new year. At night, the Chinese people have a habit of installing colorful lanterns, the festival is also referred to as the "feast of lanterns".

Watching the lanterns and eat dumplings are two important parts at the feast of Cap Go Meh. And where the origins of the tradition of mounting lanterns on Cap Go Meh Festival? It is said that in 180 BC, Emperor Hanwudi in power during the Western Han Dynasty ascended the throne on the 15th of the first lunar month. To celebrate his coronation, Emperor Han Wudi decided to make the date of the first 15 months as the feast of lanterns. On the night of the first 15 months of every year, he berkebiasaan excursion outside the palace and the people celebrate the festival together. In the year 104 BC, Cap Go Meh Festival is officially listed as a national holiday. Thanks to that decision, Cap Go Meh Festival scale increase further. According to the regulations, every public place and every family is required to put up colorful lanterns, especially on the main road and the cultural center will be held large-scale exhibition of lanterns are festive. People, both aged young and old, men and women will flock to it all week to watch the lanterns lanterns and dragon lantern dance, in addition to guess the puzzle.

Colored lanterns mounted on Cap Go Meh Festival mostly made of brightly colored paper. Lantern named "zoumadeng" or lanterns galloping horse is one of the most interesting kinds of lanterns yan. It is said that it had historic lanterns thousand years.

Ate dumplings at the feast of Cap Go Meh is also one of the old habits. Dumplings eating habits start from the time of the Song Dynasty (960 AD-1279). Dumplings made with glutinous rice flour and fruit jam. Once cooked, it was delicious. In later days, the people in the north called the food as "yuanxiao" and the people in the south refer to it as "Tangyuan", and its manufacture was different from north to south.

Now the onde-onde variety, and other places and other ways of making it felt.
At Cap Go Meh Festival, people eat but enjoy the lanterns and dumplings, also held other entertainment activities, such as stilts, dance yangge (a kind of typical dance in northern China) and lion dance performances.

CITY Singkawang a mainstay attractions of West Kalimantan Province. Ahead of the Lunar and events Cap Go Meh, a city famous as the city of Thousand Pagoda is always a tourist destination. In fact, the city that 70 percent of Chinese citizens has another tourist magnet. Among Sinka Zoo, Rindu Alam, culinary tourism, historical tourism and pristine beaches.

Access to Singkawang relatively easy, not only is a variety of public service vehicles from Pontiac, but the road was too smooth. From Pontianak it took 3 hours to reach Singkawang. Entering Singkawang characteristics of this city began to be seen; shop (store house) is simple typical roadside along ethnic, Shrine brightly colored, old buildings typical of Chinese and waves coming from the coast not far from the highway.

"As a tourist destination, Singkawang have a pretty nice facility. Here a lot of standing cafes, hotels and restaurants. Even Singkawang still crowded at night, "said Herry, a resident of Pontianak.

Mean heart wanted to explore all the sights in Singkawang, but because of time constraints can only be visited Urban Style Pasir Panjang beach, Rindu Alam and culinary tourism becomes the mainstay of this city tour. Pantai Pasir Panjang and Rindu Alam located not too far from downtown, it only took half an hour. Meanwhile, more culinary tours in the city center.

Pantai Pasir Panjang
As its name suggests is a long beach with golden yellow sand is beautiful. Sloping beach allows you to play the sand, sunbathing and joking with the waves. Amazingly though coastal areas, in the morning you still enjoy a fairly thick fog. But do not expect to enjoy the sunrise in the east because of its position and blocked several mountain. "We came at the wrong time. It should come in the afternoon I'll get to enjoy the sunset. But even so, the beach is still beautiful in the morning, "said Mira who came with a group of junior Riau.

The beauty of this beach is more perfect with the blue expanse of the Natuna sea wrapped in thick clouds that resemble various forms. Truly exotic. Pasir Panjang beach scenery with more sexy background Lemukutan island, islands and island Randayan mourning clad in the morning mist. The beauty of this beach will be many times more if you come in the afternoon. Sunset at Pasir Panjang beach overlooking incredible. Not only able to change the color of sky blue to red but also change the Natuna sea to shining pink. Pasir Panjang beach is the golden yellow glow at sunset.

On the beach, located in the district Seventeen these various activities you can do. Starting from fishing, diving, surfing, water skiing until around the islands around it by speed boat. To be able to enjoy the many facilities you have to pocket quite a lot. But do not worry, all that comparable to what you get. In the vicinity of this beach is also available hotels, resorts and cafes. A variety of typical food vendors and souvenir Singkawang are here too.

"The beach is frequently visited by foreign tourists. I have several times brought Caucasians to this place, "said Alex, the driver who drove us around rental Singkawang. From this beach you can go to Short Sand Beach and Palm Beach who were beautify themselves. Many of the best spots to take the picture at this beach, one of them on large rocks.

Rindu Alam
Rindu Alam became one of mainstay attractions Singkawang which gives the sensation is different from other tourist attractions in the area. The beauty of this place was incredible. Many say the beauty equal to Uluwatu, Bali. Some say even more beautiful than Rindu Alam Uluwatu, Bali. That argument makes a lot of curious tourists, including Urban Style. Rindu Alam is located not far from the coast of Pasir Panjang, about 18 km. Precisely located between three mountains: Mount Bajau, a mountain town and the mountain Coatings. To reach this place you have to pass through the winding streets first. But do not worry, the streets are pretty good.

Rindu Alam entered the gate, you have started to be presented quite beautiful scenery. Many tourists who perpetuate himself in this place. To get into this place you will be charged Rp. 10 000 cars per person and Rp. 5000. The journey to the top of the Pass with the driver's vehicle must be sustained proficiency in running the vehicle on a steep road. The challenge increasingly difficult because many vehicles are stopped on the steep side of the road because of the natural beauty tempted.

Along the way to the summit pass, Rindu Alam presenting scenery was beautiful. While at Peak Pass at an altitude of 400 m, you are immediately enveloped in the cold. As if the center is above the blue sky because the clouds are so close to you. The cold was immediately warm when the eyes are pampered with spectacular scenery. Love of nature you can enjoy the expanse of forest that blends with white sand, blue sea and blue sky Natuna frame presents a magnificent view. "I was so beautiful, like paintings," said one visitor. Getting pumped up your adrenaline while in the gazebo located on the edge. Through a gazebo made of wood you can see the city Singkawang, forests and the Natuna Sea. I was so beautiful, there is a visitor who nyeletuk, "This place is perfect for a wedding. Romantic and very beautiful. More beautiful than Uluwatu, Bali. "The Beauty of Nature Love and romance into a young couple of reasons for visiting this place.

In the rainy season like this is still shrouded kabut.Berbagai Rindu Alam variety there is also interest in the Love of nature. For those of you who came with his family, various types of children's games are available here. Even so you should be extra careful in watching children play because sekilingnya abyss.

Planing traveling

cek this
Papua is a tropical area that has a pristine forest and its diverse cultures Raja Ampat is one of the resorts are highly coveted by travelers to visit. This place really has a tremendous appeal. If it can be compared, then the Raja Ampat sights is like heaven on earth:) Are you ever visited? If not, yes the same as mine: D. Little information for anyone who wanted to travel to Raja Ampat. Raja Ampat is one of the counties located in the province of West Papua. This district has 610 islands, of all 35 islands are inhabited only by the community. The rest, still empty largely uninhabited even have a name yet. Some of the larger islands are inhabited island Misool, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeo. Oh yes, the capital of Raja Ampat is Waisai.

As a county island, the main transportation here using the sea route. Types of transport available is a fast boat with a capacity of 10, 15 and 30 people. Waisai can be reached with a time of about 1, 5 to 2 hour drive at a cost of Rp. 2 million. But do not worry, these costs are borne by the seluaruh passengers, instead of your own:)

Raja Ampat is the most visited tourist destination because of its underwater beauty of the scenery. Most tourists who come to Raja Ampat has a goal to dive.

Beautyfull city Sorong and raja ampat Papua

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