Indonesia National Army (TNI) was born in struggle to maintain the independence of Indonesia from the threat of Dutch ambitions to colonize Indonesia again by force of arms. TNI is an organization that began development of People's Security Agency (BKR). Furthermore, on October 5, 1945 became the People's Security Army (TKR), and to improve the arrangement in accordance with international military base, changed into Army of the Republic of Indonesia (TRI).
In a further development of government efforts to enhance national army went on, as he fought and struggled for upholding the sovereignty and national independence. To unite the two armed forces of TRI as a regular army and agencies struggle of the people, then on June 3, 1947 President mengesyahkan with the official founding of the Indonesian National Army (TNI).
At critical moments during the War of Independence (1945-1949), Army managed to manifest itself as a people's army, the army of the revolution, and the national army. As the power of the newborn, in addition to arranging the TNI itself, at the same time must also face many challenges, both from within and from abroad. From within the country, the military face-undermining undermining both the political dimension as well as military dimensions. Sourced from politics undermining the Communist group who want to put the military under their influence through the â € œPepolit, Bureau of Struggle, and the TNI-Society:. While the challenges of the country which the military dimension of military forces in a struggle in some areas and the PKI in the Madiun rebellion and the Darul Islam (DI) in West Java that could threaten national integrity. The challenge of the military overseas twice to face the Dutch Military Aggression and organizations that have a more modern weaponry.
Aware of the limitations of military aggression in the face of the Netherlands, Indonesia and the people carrying out the People's War universe where all the energy of the TNI and the community and national resources were deployed to confront the aggression. Thus, the integrity and existence of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia has been able to be maintained by military force with the people.
In accordance with the decision of the Round Table Conference (RTC), at the end of 1949 created the Republic of Indonesia (RIS). Correspondingly, also formed the Armed Forces RIS (APRIS) which is combined with the TNI TNI and the Colonial Army as its core. In August 1950 Indonesia RIS disbanded and returned to the form of unitary state. APRIS was renamed the Armed Forces of Indonesia (APRI).
System of parliamentary democracy adopted by the government in the period 1950-1959, affecting the lives of the TNI. Intervention of politicians who are too far in pushing the TNI internal affair Incident October 17, 1952 which resulted in a rift in the army environment. On the other hand, it encourages military intervention to engage in political activities by setting up political parties namely the Association of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IP-KI) who participated as a contestant in the 1955 General Election.
Period which is also called the period of Liberal Democracy is characterized also by a variety of domestic rebellion. In 1950 some former members of the Colonial Army launched an uprising in Bandung (Army rebellion Ratu Adil / APRA), Andi Azis Rebellion in Makassar, Maluku and rebellions in the South Maluku Republic (RMS). Meanwhile, DI TII widen the influence of West Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Aceh. In 1958 the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia / Total People's Struggle (PRRI / Permesta) rebellion in most of Sumatra and North Sulawesi are endangering the national integrity. All of the rebellion can be crushed by military force with other components of the nation.
Efforts to unify the organization and the State Police forces into the Armed Forces of Republika organization of Indonesia (ABRI) in 1962 was an important part of military history in the decade of the sixties.
Merging of the strength of the Armed Forces under one command, is expected to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in carrying out its role, and not easily influenced by the interests of certain political groups. But it is facing numerous challenges, especially from the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) as part of international communism ever-persistent attempt to exert influence in the Indonesian nation, including the order of life into the body through the infiltration of armed forces and special coaching, as well as utilize the influence of President / Supreme Commander Armed Forces for its political interests.
PKI efforts intensified and culminated in a coup against the legitimate government by G30S/PKI, resulting in the Indonesian nation was in a very critical situation. In these conditions TNI successfully overcome the critical situation and quell the forces foil coup supporters together with the forces of society and even all the people of Indonesia.
In a completely chaotic situation, the Armed Forces carry out his duties as defense forces and as a force sospol. As a means of defense forces, armed forces crushed the rebels and remnants of the PKI. As the strength of the Armed Forces sospol encourage the creation of a new political order to carry out the Pancasila and the Constitution of 45 in a pure and consistent.
Meanwhile, the Armed Forces continue to reform itself by strengthening internal integration. The first step is to integrate the doctrine that eventually gave birth to the doctrine of the Armed Forces Catur Dharma Eka Karma (Cadek). This doctrine has implications for reorganization of the Armed Forces as well as education and joint exercises between the Armed Forces and Police. On the other hand, the Armed Forces also conducts external integration in the form of military unity with the people who applied through the Armed Forces Sign Desa (AMD).
Roles, Functions and Duties of the TNI (formerly ABRI) also changed in accordance with Law No. 34 of 2004. TNI role as a tool of the state in the field of defense in performing its duties under the policy and political decisions the country. TNI as an instrument of national defense, serve as: an antidote to any form of military threats and armed threats from outside and inside the country against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and safety of the nation, penindak against any form of threat as mentioned above, and the restoration of conditions of security which disrupted by the security chaos.
TNI is a fundamental duty to uphold state sovereignty, defend the territorial integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, as well as protect the whole nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia from the threat and disruption to the integrity of the nation and state.
The principal tasks were divided into 2 (two), namely: war and military operations to military operations other than war.
Military operations other than war include surgery to overcome the armed separatist movement, overcoming an armed rebellion, overcoming terrorism, securing the border, securing vital objects which are of strategic national, world peace perform duties in accordance with foreign policy, securing the President and Vice President and their families, empower the region's defense and force early supporters in accordance with the defense system of the universe, help the task of governance in the region, helping the Police of the Republic of Indonesia in the framework of security and public order duties are stipulated in the law, helped secure a state guest-level heads of state and representatives of foreign governments who was in Indonesia, helping to cope with natural disasters, refugee, and humanitarian aid, assist search and rescue in the accident (search and rescue) as well as assist the government in the shipping and aviation security against piracy, piracy and smuggling.
While in the field of internal reform, the TNI is still continues to carry out internal reforms in accordance with the demands of national reform. TNI continued to maintain its commitment to internal reform can achieve the desired goals in creating new and better Indonesia in the future in the frame upholding the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. In fact, since 1998 actually internally TNI has made significant changes, among others:
First, formulate a new paradigm of the role of ABRI Abad XXI, secondly, to formulate a new paradigm that better reach the TNI's role into the future, as the actualization of the new paradigm the role of the Armed Forces XXI Century; third separation from the military police who had become head of the Armed Forces started 1-4 decision -1999 as the Transformation of Beginning; fourth, the elimination of workmanship through a decision of the Armed Forces retirement or transfer status. (Kep: 03 /) / II/1999); fifth, the elimination Wansospolpus and Wansospolda / Wansospolda Tk-I; sixth, shrinking the number of members F.TNI / Police in the DPR and DPRD I and II in the elimination of political social function; seventh ; TNI is no longer involved in Practical Politics / day to day Politics; eighth, organizational termination by the Golkar Party and take a distance equal to all existing political parties; ninth, commitment and consistency of military neutrality in the election; the tenth, the arrangement of military ties with KBT (Family TNI); eleventh revision of military doctrine adapted to the Reform and the Role of Armed Forces XXI Century; twelve, a change Sospol Staff Staff Komsos; thirteenth, changes in Social and Political Chief of Staff (Kassospol) became Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster); fourteenth, deletion Sospoldam, Babinkardam, Sospolrem and Sospoldim; fifteenth, liquidation Syawan Armed Forces Staff, Staff Kamtibmas Babinkar Armed Forces and Armed Forces; sixteenth, the application of public accountability of foundations belong to the army / military Enterprises; seventeenth, the liquidation of the Organization Deputy Commander of TNI; eighteenth, deletion Bakorstanas and Bakorstanasda; nineteenth, KDH confirmation candidates from the TNI has had to retire from the stage filtration; the twentieth, the elimination of Camp Vigilance; keduapuluhsatu, revocation of Armed Forces of the material Sospol military education curriculum; keduapuluhdua, liquidation of the Organization caster TNI; keduapuluhtiga, liquidation of Social Communications Staff (Skomsos) TNI TNI Commander in accordance Skep 21 / VI / 2005; twenty four, the enactment doktrinTNI â € œTri Dharma Eka Karma (Tridek) replacing â € œCatur Dharma Eka Karma (Cadek) according to the TNI Commander decision date Kep/2/I/2007 number January 12, 2007.
As a means of national defense, the TNI is committed to continue reforms in line with the demands of the TNI's internal reform and the country's political decisions.
